China's industrial profits edge up in 2025, reversing three years of declines as Beijing curbs price wars

China's industrial profits rose 0.6% in 2025 from a year earlier, snapping three consecutive years of declines as officials moved to rein in aggressive price competition and companies sought overseas growth amid weak domestic demand.NINGBO, CHINA - JANUARY 22: Employees work on the production line of snowboards at a workshop to meet the orders on January 22, 2026 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province of China. (Photo by He Yuankai/Zhejiang Daily Press Group/VCG via Getty Images)

The pace of growth accelerated from 0.1% in the January-to-November period, according to data from the National Bureau of Statistics.

 

The recovery last year was driven by policy intervention, particularly Beijing's campaign against aggressive price undercutting, and companies' efforts to expand overseas, said Tianchen Xu, a senior economist at the Economist Intelligence Unit.

Industrial profits climbed 5.3% in December from a year earlier, the strongest performance since September when earnings surged 21.6%. Profits had faltered in the prior two months, falling 5.5% in October and 13.1% in November.

In December, China's factory activity returned to growth after eight straight months of contraction, in part thanks to pre-holiday stockpiling ahead of the Lunar New Year in February, an official at the statistics bureau said.

Profits at the country's major industrial firms have been battered by the bruising price wars sweeping across several industries last year as sluggish consumer demands left companies grappling with excess capacity.

Uneven growth across sectors

There is a "high level of divergence" across industries, said Lynn Song, chief Greater China economist at ING, adding that the overall profits growth remains tepid as price competition continues to erode margins.

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